Physico-Chemical Analysis of Textile Effluents from Bagru, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India): Implications for Environmental Impact and Treatment Needs

The textile industry is one of the largest water polluters worldwide. The coloured and bad odour effluent discharged from such industries pollutes not only the water bodies but also affects groundwater quality. In the present study, thirty-five water samples were collected from different dyeing units of the Bagru textile area (Rajasthan, India) famous for using natural dyes for textile processing. The physico-chemical analysis of these water samples shows that all parameters exceeded the permitted range recommended by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and World Health Organization (WHO). The analysis revealed the use of synthetic dyes in Bagru's textile industry for dyeing and printing. Based on the estimated characteristics, these textile effluents must be properly treated before releasing into the environment as the discharge of untreated effluents into local water bodies leads to significant water pollution, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. Additionally, contaminants can permeate the soil, compromising agricultural productivity and food safety. The air quality is also compromised due to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the dyeing process, posing respiratory risks to nearby communities. This research underscores the urgent need for improved waste management practices and regulatory measures to mitigate the adverse environmental effects associated with synthetic dyes in Bagru's textile industry.